Energy storage devices play the important role for achievement of sustainable development goals. The universal materials with ubiquitous elements are desired for more diverse applications. “Specific” crystal and electronic structure enhance their properties. Therefore, we must pioneer new frontiers of materials with rich elements, such as Na, K, Fe, and Mn, in metastable phase and nonequilibrium phase by examining starting materials, reaction pathway and synthesis process. In addition, we will also reveal the phenomena with their electrochemically and thermodynamically complex mechanisms at hetero-interface in batteries. The analysis leads to the new strategy for development of novel candidate materials.