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Where and how did novel sex determining/differentiating mechanism originate?

CHIKAMI, YasuhikoAssistant Professor

Reproductive and Developmental Biology
Field
Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Reproductive Biology, Evolutionary Zoology
Theme
Sex determining/differentiating mechanism and its evolutionary history in Arthropoda
Keyword
Insect
Sex determination
Sex differentiation
Sexual dimorphism
Gene function
Evolution

The sexes—male and female— are pervasive across animal taxa and are essential for reproduction. Given this universality and significance, one might expect the mechanisms of sex determination to be shared across animal species. However, the sex-determining mechanism is tremendously labile across animals, even among closely related species. How did the sex-determining mechanism diversify? I try to address this question by focusing on the earlier-branching insect groups, including Zygentoma, i.e., the silverfish or firebrat, and Blattaria, i.e., the cockroach. The current projects are 1) investigating functions of insect sex-determining genes prior to sex determination and 2) understanding the sex-determining mechanism of insects with the XO sex chromosome system.

 

Thermobia domestica, a clue species to illuminate insect evolution
From the left, a normal male of Thermobia, a feminized male through knocking down a sex-determining gene, and a normal female

Message

Study Nature, not Books”—Louis Agassiz, a famous American naturalist in the 19th century

This phrase emphasizes the importance of engaging directly with nature through one’s own observation and experience without preconceptions while valuing knowledge. I often feel that these words are profoundly true. When I carry out experiments and observations with our own hands and eyes, I am frequently confronted with results that overturn our expectations. I find these encounters with the “unexpected” endlessly fascinating. That is precisely why I am interested in science and research. Through research, do experience for yourselves the unknown world hidden within nature.

References

Contribution of Fat-signaling and Crumbs-Expanded modules to exaggerated growth of weaponized mandible in a stag beetle and its evolutionary implications. Chikami Y.*, Ashimori T.*, Ito Y., Ohtsu I., Sugiura K., Gotoh H. Zoological Science43: 44–60 (2026).
Soma–germ contact across the basement membrane in the ovary. Chikami Y., Yahata K. Biology Letters21: 2120250056 (2025).
Evolutionary history of sexual differentiation mechanism in insects. Chikami Y., Okuno M., Toyoda A., Itoh T., Niimi T. Molecular Biology and Evolution39: msac145 (2022).
Oral RNAi of diap1 results in rapid reduction of damage to potatoes in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. Chikami Y., Kawaguchi H., Suzuki T., Yoshioka H., Sato Y., Yaginuma T., Niimi T. Journal of Pest Science, 94: 505–515 (2019).
Faculty

Faculty of Science
Department of Biological Sciences
Reproductive and Developmental Biology

Grad School

Graduate School of Life Science
Division of Life Science
Biosystems Science Course

Contact Information

Science Building 5 5-1103

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